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Are borderline tumors staged?
Borderline ovarian tumors are staged according to the FIGO classification of ovarian cancer. Many clinicians group stages II-IV together for prognostic consideration. Another common component of staging is the description of the type of implants, as these have significant prognostic value.
Is borderline serous tumor cancer?
Borderline ovarian tumours are abnormal cells that form in the tissue covering the ovary. They are not cancer and are usually cured with surgery.
What is borderline serous tumor?
Background. Serous borderline tumor represents a group of noninvasive tumor of the ovary bridging between benign serous cystadenoma and serous carcinoma. They are commonly seen in younger women and usually have an excellent outcome but seldom show local recurrence (J. F. Leake et al. 1991).
What is a bot tumor?
Background/aim: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are malignant epithelial ovarian tumors with a very low incidence, therefore lacking sufficient clinical experience in diagnostics and treatment.
Do borderline tumors spread?
Treatment after surgery depends on whether the spread is invasive or not. When borderline tumors spread, the can form tumor implants (deposits) on the peritoneum (lining of the abdomen) and on the surface of organs in the abdomen and pelvis.
How common are borderline ovarian tumors?
Borderline ovarian tumors comprise about 15%–20% of all epithelial ovarian malignancies [2, 3] with an incidence of 1.8–4.8 per 100,000 women per year [3–5].
What does serous mean in cancer?
“Serous” means that the tumor arose from the serous membrane, in the epithelial layer in the abdominopelvic cavity.
What does a borderline CA 125 test mean?
The normal value is less than 46 U/mL. If your CA 125 level is higher than normal, you may have a benign condition, or the test result could mean that you have ovarian, endometrial, peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer. Your doctor may recommend other tests and procedures to determine your diagnosis.
Can a benign ovarian tumor become malignant?
Benign ovarian tumors usually grow slowly and rarely become malignant. They include the following: Benign cystic teratomas: These tumors are also called dermoid cysts because although derived from all 3 germ cell layers, they consist mainly of ectodermal tissue.
What is classed as a high ca125 level?
In most instances, however, CA-125 levels are considered elevated if they are above 35 units per milliliter. Certain cancer medications and surgeries can also alter CA-125 levels. You should discuss your specific results with your doctor to determine if additional testing is required.
How can I lower my CA 125 naturally?
However, there are some lifestyle factors you can control to decrease your risk of ovarian cancer.
- Exercise and Diet. By maintaining a weekly exercise regime and a healthy diet, the risk of ovarian cancer decreases. …
- Oral Contraceptives. …
- Avoiding Carcinogens. …
- Pregnancy & Breastfeeding. …
- Healthy Lifestyle.
What is serous carcinoma of the ovary?
High-grade serous carcinoma is the most malignant form of ovarian cancer and accounts for up to 70% of all ovarian cancer cases. The majority of high-grade serous ovarian cancers have recently been found to originate in the fallopian tube, not the ovary.